Since 1996 when the criminal procedure act in china was revised , the criminal retrial has displayed the very important function in the aspect of rectifying the wrong cases , and upheld the judicial impartiality to a large extent 摘要自1996年我国《刑事诉讼法》修改以来，刑事再审程序在纠正错案方面发挥了很大的作用，在很大程度上维护了司法正义。
This not only makes clear for the defendant and the victim whether and when they can start the procedure , but also helps the people ' s procuratorate and the court to inspect the appeal of the defendant and the victim 个案监督应当尊重人民法院独立行使审判权，应当坚持集体行使职权和事后监督，其监督仅具有建议性质，只能向人民检察院提起，其本身不能强制启动再审。第七章，错案追究与再审。
Then we can have sound evaluation on this system of ancient china . the dissertation do n ' t stop here , it analyses the system with the viewpoint of the cultural background , and try to display the fascination of the culture in ancient china 中国古代的司法官责任制度作为保障司法公正和维护社会秩序稳定的一项重要措施，它有利于维护法律的公正性、严肃性与权威性，有利于减少冤案错案的发生。
For example , some relations between entities involved in a case of railway computer interlocking soft - ware testing ware defined , and finally , the procedures of matching and regeneration of a testing case of begm ware discussed 以一个铁路计算机联锁软件测试中的成功猜错案例为典型，阐述了如何为案例所涉及的实体定义一系列关系，借助这些关系实现案例自描述，并最终和新的软件测试背景匹配，且实现案例再生。
I . introductory . criminal retrial procedure is a special relief procedure . however , the current chinese criminal retrial procedure is not going well due to some deficiencies in the criminal procedure system itself and some misunderstanding of the value of this procedure 论文分导言，刑事再审制度的历史发展，刑事再审制度的理论基础，刑事再审制度的功能，刑事再审程序的启动，刑事再审案件的审判，个案监督与再审，错案追究与再审七章。
But through synthesizing each scholar " s opinions , we can conclude that the substance of inspecting to individual cases is that people " s congress council not only inspects obviously false and mistake cases , the cases due to administration of justice neglects its duty ( including judicial organ " s illegal behaviors , mistake cases and the possibility mistake cases ) , but also directly exercises its judicial powers when it is necessary . there are two reasons of inspecting to individual cases 对于什么是个案监督，理论界和实务界还没有明确的概念，但是综合各位学者的观点，可以看出个案监督的实质是人大不仅对那些明显的冤假错案和司法机关失于职守的案件(包括审判机关在工作中出现的违法行为、所办错案或可能出现的错案)进行个案监督，甚至必要时直接行使司法权。
If we ignored the unity of the two above , and insisted on restraining the defendant ' s procedure rights in order to punish offenders efficiently , the abuse of judicial power and higher rate of mistaken cases would appear . at the same time , the goal of controlling the crime efficiently would be hard to attain . on the other hand , if the defendant ' s interests were absolutely superior to the interests of the society and its other members , the substantive reality and the value of criminal procedure would not be ensured and the order of the law would be in the failure of safeguarding 忽视两者的统一性，主张为高效率的惩治犯罪而限制被告人的诉讼权利，会产生司法权滥用的弊害，并导致较高的错案率，其高效率抑制犯罪的目的的实现也会受到妨碍；反之，如果将被告人利益置于绝对优越的地位，使之凌驾于社会及其他成员的利益之上，则会贬抑实体真实及刑事程序价值，法律秩序得不到有效维护。
To solve the question existing in our country ' s present legal system , our legal system must be reformed from following aspects : ( 1 ) reform present human affairs , the finance and the leader system , establish a judicial system which is uniform and independent in the national scope , guarantees unification of the jurisdiction and the national legal system ; ( 2 ) reform surveillance mechanism , strengthen judicature surveillance , guarantee the judicature to be fair ; ( 3 ) reform interior management system and working routine of judicial department ; ( 4 ) establish investigating system to misjudged law case 针对我国现行司法制度中存在的问题，我国司法制度改革在具体措施上还应当围绕着以下几个方面进行: (一)改革目前的人事、财政及领导体制，在全国范围内建立一个统一而又独立的司法系统，以确保司法权和国家法制的统一; (二)改革监督机制，强化司法监督，确保司法公正; (三)改革司法机关内部的管理体制和工作程序; (四)建立错案责任追究制度。
The countermeasure that solves problem is : it is according to law administrative to set up decide program according to law handle a case consciousness ; strengthen morals construction , raise the morals attainment of police ; strengthen and perfect supervisor mechanism , carry out strictly misjudged case look into system ; insist to treat according to law sternly jing , establishment the mechanism of scientific management 解决问题的对策是：树立依法行政和依法定程序办案的意识；加强道德建设，提高民警的道德素养；强化和完善监修机制，严格实行错案追究制度；坚持依法从严治警，建立科学管理机制等。
Though detailed study of the standard of criminal proof helps to reduce the rate of these verdicts , it cannot resolve the problem in all because of the unavoidable shortcomings of the standard of proof . finally , the author advocates that precedent system should be established to accumulate judicial experience on rules of discerning ‘ doubts ’ . meanwhile , the author strives to figure out primary rules of discerning ‘ doubts ’ from the misjudged cases 笔者认为建立证明标准案例指导制度,积累司法经验,尤其是总结排疑规则才是消解存疑判决现象的根本之道,笔者在对案例指导制度建立的必要性与可行性进行分析论证的基础上,提出规范案例指导制度的一些设想,并根据有限的错案对排疑规则的建立进行了初步的探索。
