In this paper , we established the stochastic evolvement models for innovation diffusion based on random graphs , small - world networks and scale - free networks , and studied the dynamic character of innovation diffusion 摘要分别建立了基于随机网络、小世界网络和无标度网络的创新随机演化模型，讨论了创新扩散的动力学性质。
Fedigan , linda marie . " biological evolution in the nineteenth century , from the changing role of women in models of human evolution . " annual review of anthropology 15 ( 1986 ) : 25 - 66 . read only 27 - 29 十九世纪的生物演化，从人类演化模型中的女性角色改变谈起，刊于《人类学期刊年度回顾》 15 ( 1986 ) ：第25 - 66页，请阅读27 - 29页即可。
According to fractal propagation characteristics of fatigue crack , it defines structure fatigue fractal damage variables and sets up the structure fatigue damage fractal evolution mode which macro and micro are consistent 采用分形维数定义了结构疲劳分形损伤变量，根据疲劳裂纹的分形扩展特点，建立了宏细观统一的结构疲劳损伤分形演化模型。
We also study the property of the optimal solution and give the economic explanation of the solution . at the end of the paper , we study the sensitivity of policy by using an numerical example 并分析研究了此优化问题的解的特性和经济意义。最后通过具体数值例子利用动态演化模型对就业人数及其分布进行预测，在此基础上进行了政策的敏感性分析研究。
Finally , according to the technique of plasma etching , an evolution model describing the spatio - temporal profiles of the micro - trench is established . and that we simulated the effects of collisions and the source parameters on the etching profiles 最后，针对等离子体刻蚀工艺，建立了微结构区剖面的时空演化模型，并模拟了碰撞效应和电源参数对刻蚀剖面演化的影响。
At present , the calculation of the modern catchment geomorphic evolution mcge issues is mainly solved by systems integration , which results in function redundancy , lower efficiency and more difficult modification 基于webservice技术，提出采用服务模式实现小流域地貌演化问题计算的方法。分析了小流域演化模型服务mcgems以及mcgems与wcs集成设计过程，给出了mcgems的wsdl描述。
Within . net interface , the mcgems and integration with wcs are implemented respectively . this method resolves the problems resulting from systems integration , improves the mcgem reuse capability and simplifies the procedure of integration 基于服务模式的小流域地貌演化问题计算，初步解决了系统集成模式实现小流域地貌演化计算功能冗余小流域地貌演化模型演化复用困难集成界面复杂等问题。
But experiment shows that the two - level model takes too much time on detail design , so basing on two - level co - evolution model , we add one level of detail parts to two - level co - evolution model and form three - level co - evolution model . and according to distributed co - evolution , a distributed three - level co - evolution implement method is built 因此在两层协同演化的基础上，本文从细部中分解出子细部，加入细部与子细部协同演化的思想，形成三层协同演化模型，并根据分布式协同演化的思想建立分布式三层协同演化的实现模型。
Based on the above , the panoramic chart of debris environmental evolutionary process is presented , and breakup model main part of evolution model is introduced later , which lays a foundation for modeling comparison later . then , evolve4 . 0 built up by nasa and some other models which have been used when sdem is built up are analyzed . explosion models , area to mass models and velocity models are compared and preliminary analytical results are brought out 然后,对nasa开发的空间碎片演化模型evolve4 . 0进行研究,并将它的碎裂模型与建立sdem过程中所参考的碎裂模型进行比较,从爆炸子模型、面质比分布子模型和速度分布子模型几个方面进行了详细的对比,并在条件简化的前提下给出初步的比较结果。
According to the model of structure fatigue damage fractal evolution , the relation between macro - damage variable , fractal damage variable and fatigue life can be found , and the fatigue damage evolution equation of ti alloy tc11 welded joint can be built , and the method of more forecast fatigue damage is given 根据结构疲劳损伤分形演化模型，通过对tc11钛合金焊接试件的疲劳试验和疲劳断口分维数测量，得到了宏观损伤变量和分形损伤变量与疲劳寿命的关系，建立了tc11钛合金焊接接头的疲劳损伤演化方程。给出了进一步疲劳损伤量预测的方法。
