The research results of geomembranes " function are few . especially , the work of calculating leakage due to defects in geomembranes just has started since the middle of 1980 ' s . all about affect the popularization and application of geomembranes 同时，对土工膜性能的研究成果较少，特别是对土工膜缺陷渗漏量计算从20世纪80年代中期才开始，这些都影响了土工膜的推广应用。
Meanwhile , the adsorption and diffusion characteristics of clay affect the contaminant transportation in clay liners obviously . thus the effectiveness of clay liners can be improved by means of increasing adsorption capacity of clay or decreasing diffusion property through clay 粘土的吸附性和污染物在粘土中的扩散性对污染物通过衬垫的迁移都有一定影响，但在水头较低，且满足粘土衬垫设计标准的情况下，粘土环境特性对污染物渗漏浓度和渗漏量的影响可不考虑。
The am fungus could obtain adequate carbon resources for itself , thus ensuring normal growth and metabolic activit y owing to the efflux of carbohydrate from the plasma membrane of the host root cortical cells to the interface of the symbiosis . thirdly , the structure and composition of the root cortex cellular plasma membrane kept good integrity and the leakage of carbohydrate maintained at low level when the plant obtained enough p and metabolizes normally . although enough carbohydrate was synthesized by plant , the am fungi could not obtain enough energy , resulting in inhibition of growth of the extraradical hyphae and decreased metabolic activity of the am fungi 由此，我们认为植物磷营养状况调控菌根真菌生长和代谢活性的机制是：当植物处于严重缺磷胁迫时，不能合成足够的碳水化合物供给自身生长的需要，也不能向真菌提供额外的碳水化合物，因而菌根真菌生长受阻，代谢活性较低；当植物中度缺磷时，根皮层细胞质膜的组成和结构不完整，通透性大，碳水化合物通过质膜向外的渗漏量大，菌根真菌因而获得充足的碳源，保证真菌正常的生长和旺盛的代谢；当植物获得足够的磷而使体内磷营养代谢正常时，其细胞质膜组成和结构完整，碳水化合物的渗漏量保持在较低的水平，尽管此时植物合成了足够的碳水化合物，但菌根真菌仍不能获得足够的能量，导致真菌生长受阻和代谢活性降低。
Considering the seepage of linear and the seepage of non - linear in the karst area are always coexisting , the model of linear seepage and non - linear seepage is put forward firstly on the basis of domain decomposition method . the movement of groundwater in an ideal model is simulated with this method , and the program of dar - nondar . for is compiled . then these results are applied to zhongliang water resources and power engineering , the leakage quantity of karst water is calculated 考虑到岩溶区渗流往往都是线性流与非线性流并存，首次提出了基于区域分解法理论的线性?非线性渗流模型，利用该方法模拟出理想模型中的水流运动，并编制了计算程序dar - nondar . for ，然后将该成果应用于中梁水利水电工程中，预测出库区岩溶水渗漏量。
Combing the linear seepage model with hydrogeology in the region of zhong - liang reservior , the analysis of the problem of positive and negative is emphasized . make use of with some observing information of boreholes in this region , adverse seeking the hydrogeology of the reservoir in the region with finite element method , the leakage quatity of karst water in the region of reservoir is forecasted . 线性渗流模型结合了中梁水库库区水文地质条件，重点进行正反问题的计算分析，利用研究区若干观测孔资料，采用有限单元法反演库区的水文地质参数，并预测了库区岩溶水渗漏量。
( 4 ) soil water flow was simulated by macro model and soil nitrate transport was simulated by coupmodel . part of soil layer ' s simulated results fitted well compared with the measured values . the water percolation amount simulated with considering macro - pore was 60 ( 4 )用macro模型模拟水过程， coupmodel模型模拟氮素转化过程，部分土层水、氮的模拟结果和实测值较吻合，考虑大孔隙时模拟得到土壤水的渗漏量较不考虑时高60 . 50 ，土壤硝酸盐淋洗量占施肥量30 . 87 ，比不考虑时高。
On the basis of anatomizing the condition of hydrogeology with zhongliang water resources and power engineering , combined with the data analysis of flux with surface water , aquatic chemistry , and experiment of tracing , the condition of karst leakage in the region of reservoir is educed . the concept of reservoir leakage with these information is put forward , the leakage quantity of karst water in the region of reservoir with the method of water equilibrium is applied 在仔细分析中梁水利水电工程库区水文地质条件的基础上，结合地表水测流资料、水化学分析资料及示踪连通试验资料，得出水库区岩溶渗漏条件，并在此基础上提出水库渗漏概念模型，采用水均衡法计算出库区的岩溶水渗漏量。
In the three models of calculating the leakage quantity of karst water , on account of the linear and non - linear seepage model are accord with the movement of darcy flow and non - darcy flow coexists with the practical instances in zhong - liang reseviour , so the calculation result of leakage quantity of karst groundwater with this model is more reasonable 在上述三种计算库区岩溶水渗漏量的模型中，由于线性?非线性渗流模型同时考虑了与中梁水库区实际情况相符合的达西流和非达西流区域并存的地下水运动，因此，利用该模型计算出的库区岩溶水渗漏量更合理。
Through the test , a few data of leakage due to defects in composite geomembranes under different aperture of damnification , different water pressure and two kinds of supporting layer material are gained and the primary factor that influences the magnitude of leakage due to defects in composite geomembranes are analysed 得出了在不同的压力水头作用下、不同的缺陷孔径与两种垫层材料组合的多种工况下缺陷渗漏量实测值。并分析了影响复合土工膜的缺陷渗漏量大小的相关因素。
