The creative results are as follows : ( 1 ) behavior of the stirrup legs in the loading direction in the joint core ( along the loading direction for circular stirrups ) is different from that perpendicular to the loading direction . the stirrup legs in the loading direction acts as the tension chords in the truss model to resist shear , in the meantime , they confine the compressed diagonal strut from lateral expam - sion 沿受力方向箍肢(或部位)既作为桁架机构的拉杆参与抗剪又对斜压杆受压后沿受力平面侧向膨胀的水平分量起约束作用；垂直受力方向箍肢(或部位)原则上仅对斜压杆沿垂直受力方向侧向膨胀起约束作用。
Then the periodic properties of geocenter motion in the x , y , z components are summarized . considering the statistical precision of the gps observations , the geometrical distribution of gps stations and their physical stablility , a new method to determine the parameters of geocenter motion is studied and analyzed . in order to have a better understanding of its effect on the height datum origin , the rule of geocenter motion in the horizontal and vertical components are also analyzed and some useful conclusions are drawn 提出了将谱分析与抗差估计相结合的抗差谱分析方法，并用该方法分析了地心运动时间序列的主要周期特性；为合理地确定地心运动参数，详细研究与分析了一种新的定权方法对求解地心运动参数的作用，该方法充分利用了gps观测量的统计精度、点位的几何分布以及物理稳定性；为了明确地心运动导致的高程基准的变化，分析了地心运动对地面点的水平分量和垂直分量的影响规律。
We often ignore the effect of vertical ground motion in general structure seismic design . in current seismic design code there is only one design response spectrum for horizontal ground acceleration , whereas the corresponding vertical design response spectrum equals that the horizontal design response spectra times 65 % , the characteristic period of vertical design response spectrum is assumed to be same as that of horizontal component 一般认为,地震动竖向分量的强度约为水平分量的1 / 2 ~ 2 / 3 ,故在普通建筑物的抗震设计和分析中常常忽略竖向地震动的影响,而我国现阶段抗震设计规范中也只给出了水平向设计反应谱。
When the vertical formation lies outside of the borehole , the effect of the borehole on the acoustic field decreases with the increase of the distance between the formation and the axis of the borehole ; when the source locates on the interface , with the increase of the azimuth of the dipping interface , the transmitted energy of the horizontal component gradually increases , but that of the vertical component decreases 当井外存在径向分层时，随着地层界面远离井轴，对井内声场的影响减小。 2 、当声源位于地层界面以上时，随着地层倾角的增大，水平分量透过地层界面的声能量是逐渐增大的；垂直分量的透射声能量却是减小的。
In viewing of the characteristics of propagation of 3d converted wave , studies are performed on the processing methods of 3d converted waves , such as horizontal component rotation , calculation of 3d transition point , hyperbolic velocity analysis and nmo ( normal moveout ) correction of 3d converted wave , and non - hyperbolic velocity ratio analysis and nmo correction of 3d converted wave 基于三维转换波传播特点，对三维转换波资料处理方法进行了研究，包括水平分量旋转，三维转换点计算、三维转换波双曲速度分析与动校正、三维转换波非双曲速度比分析与动校正等。
At the same time , the quantity and the height of building are continuously increasing . further researching vertical ground motion is not only feasibility but also has academic and practical engineer value . based on hundreds of strong ground motion records of europe , a study on difference between vertical and horizontal ground motion is proposed 随着强震记录的逐渐增多,竖向分量很大、甚至超过水平分量的近场地震记录时有出现,并且各种高耸结构和高层建筑的数量和高度也在快速增长,因此深入研究竖向地震动的随机特性不仅具有可行性,而且具有现实的工程意义和重要的学术价值。
