The landscape pattern of change on the fraction of green vegetation during this period was studied using a landscape pattern analysis program fragstats by analyzing path size , number of patches , shape metrics and landscape heterogeneity metrics to show the changing feature of landscape pattern . all of these results of indices analysis emphasize that the eco - environmental system in beijing mountain area in a whole is stable and the fragmentation and heterogeneity level in the last five years is decreasing 本文在fcdmappingmodel原理和方法的基础上，利用1994年和1999年的两期landsattm数据，对北京北部山区昌平区、怀柔县、密云县、平谷县和西部山区门头沟区的植被覆盖率进行了计算，并利用fragstats软件对其景观变化过程从斑块大小、数量、形状和景观异质性等角度进行了时空格局变化的剖析。
In part three , according to the viewpoint of system , giving consideration to all kinds of condition of forming hillslope debris flow , taking five indexes as follow : the shape index of ditch , the mean value of greatest precipitation within 24 hours , the developing degree of unstable mass , the mean depth of loose " accumulated clay and the rate of plant cover , applying fuzzy mathematics , the paper designs a suit of scheme about judging hillslope data 第三部分，依据系统的观点，全面兼顾了山坡泥石流形成的各种条件，选取沟谷纵剖面形态指数、最大24小时暴雨均值、不良地质体发育程度、松散堆积层平均厚度和植被覆盖率五个指标，运用模糊数学方法在室内设计出一套山坡泥石流沟与非泥石流沟的判定方案。然后以野外实例数据进行检验，结果表明本方案分辩率较高，为84 . 6 ，且偏于安全一侧。
Meanwhile , the study also shows that the diversity of studied cave animals is inversely proportional to human population density and water quality ; and bio - diversity , to some extent , is proportional to soil fertility and amount of chemical fertilizer , but inversely when excessive ; the correlativity between bio - diversity and vegetation cover rate is not obvious , when ground vegetation is strongly interfered by human being ; the amount of diestrammena marmorata is proportional to the d iversity of plant , and inversely proportional to soil fertility , and in a way , to water quality ; and the correlativity between community and water quality and soil fertility , and between water quality and the amount of mosquito and fly , is not as good as expected . the author points out that diestrammena marmorata , bat , mosquito , fly , oreolalaxrhohostig metus ( or cudata ) , and fish can be chosen as in 同时，研究还表明：调查洞穴的物种多样性与人口密度、水质成负相关；在一定范围内，物种多样性与化肥施用量、土壤肥力成正相关，超过一定的值则成负相关;在人类对地表植被的高强度作用下，物种多样性与植被覆盖率的相关性不明显;蚊蝇数量与土壤肥力基本上呈正相关;斑灶马数量与植物种数呈正相关，斑灶马数量与在一定水质范围内与水质呈负相关，与土壤肥力呈负相关;群落数与水质和土壤肥力、蚊蝇数量与水质都不能表现较好的相关性;研究认为，可以选择斑灶马、蝙蝠、蚊蝇、红点囊蟾(或有尾类) 、鱼类等作为指示动物对洞穴环境进行监测。
Estimation of the fraction of green vegetation using remote senseing data may be a more efficient approach . in this paper , based on the fcd mapping model , the fraction of green vegetation in beijing mountain area was calculated using the landsat - tm data ( with two digital images taken in 1994 and 1999 , respectively ) 探讨利用遥感资料估算大面积的植被覆盖率的方法已成为当前建立全球及区域气候、生态模型的基础工作之一，而且准确、快速地获取植被覆盖状况信息也是区域生态恢复和建设的关键与重点。
