In recent years , studies indicated these molecular markers mainly involved : oncogenes and tumor - suppressor genes mutate or rearrange in some thyroid neoplasms ; the exceptional increasing on the activity of telomerase ; the special proteins which are related to cell cycle regulation or adhesion express excessively ; as well as some special matter which is discovered recently 近年研究表明这些分子标志物主要涉及癌基因或抑癌基因的突变或重排；端粒酶活性的异常增高；一些与细胞周期调控或与粘附有关的特殊蛋白的表达；以及一些新发现的特异物质。
Methods : 1 ) 12h after irradiation , the cell cycle of nih3t3 cells was determined by flow of cytometry and the ratio of alternations in p16 gene exon - 2 was evaluated through pcr - sscp . 2 ) the content of mda , the activities of the sod and gsh - px in the supernatant of nih3t3 cells and the cells were measured by detecting kits immediately after irradiation . 3 ) the level of matrix metalloproteinase - 2 ( mmp - 2 ) in hela cells was detected by western - blotting and dot - blotting 2h after irradiation 具体方法为： ( 1 )照射后12h ，收集nih3t3细胞，用流式细胞仪检测各组细胞的细胞周期， pcr - sscp检测抑癌基因p16的变化； ( 2 ) nih3t3细胞照射后立即收集细胞和细胞上清，用试剂盒测量mda含量和sod 、 gsh - px的活性并观察其变化； ( 3 ) western免疫印迹和点杂交法检测照射2h后的各组hela细胞中基质金属蛋白酶- 2 ( mmp - 2 )的表达变化。
Since evidence shows anti - estrogen drugs will fail in a many patients with estrogen - receptor - positive breast cancer , says knudsen , our research suggests that physicians should examine both estrogen receptor status and rb tumor suppressor status during the initial diagnosis , in order to prescribe the most effective therapy for that specific patient ' s cancer . 证据表明，抗雌激素药物对雌激素受体阳性乳癌将失效，我们的研究提示，为了给那些特殊癌症患者制定最有效的治疗方法，医生应该在开始诊断时检测雌激素受体和rb抑癌基因状况。
Ih ped one , a nove1 mo1ecuar probe onolecuar beason ( mb ) was developed to establish a stwle and precise method for the quanitative analysis of gentic materials such as ing1 inrn from differen cells and rna fonn tobacco mosaic virus . the milization method for mb was studied for the fabrication of dna biosensor and dna chip . ih pall two , a series of inunobilization method such as sol - gel method and ligh polererization method were investigaed for the otilization of bio - molecues and fluorescence dye 本论文各章内容可归纳如下：第一章，根据抑癌基因ing1基因的序列设计并合成了检测ing1转录产物的分子信标( 5 ' - - tamra - c6 - nh - cgttgatggttccacttctcgtgcgttcaacg - dabcyl - 3 ' ) ，其中tamra代表四甲基罗丹明，为荧光基团， dabcyl代表4 - (对二甲氨基偶氮苯)苯甲酸，为荧光熄灭基团。
Since eidence shows anti - estrogen drugs will fail in a many patients with estrogen - receptor - positie breast cancer , says knudsen , our research suggests that physicians should examine both estrogen receptor status and rb tumor suppressor status during the initial diagnosis , in order to prescribe the most effectie therapy for that specific patient ' s cancer . 证据表明，抗雌激素* *物对雌激素受体阳性乳癌将失效，我们的研究提示，为了给那些特殊癌症患者制定最有效的治疗方法，医生应该在开始诊断时检测雌激素受体和rb抑癌基因状况。
