It is imperative to find an approach with good exposure and less complication to deal with it 所以早日研究出一种显露好，并发症少的手术入路以提高此类肿瘤的手术切除率是当务之急。
A study of the surgical approach for the small - needle - scalpel procedure for the treatment of entrapment of the main branch of the posterior lumbar nerves 腰神经后支主干卡压症针刀手术入路研究
Objectives : to provide theoretic basis for decreasing spinal cord segmental ischemic injury on spinal operation and desiging reasonably operative approach 摘要目的：为减少手术中对脊髓血供损伤和设计合理脊柱手术入路提供基础。
With the help of p4 computer , three - dimensional reconstruction of the anatomic structures correlative to anterior cervical approach by 3d - doctor software 运用3d - doctor软件，在计算机上分割重建该手术入路相关的解剖结构并立体显示。
In addition to learning approaches described by others , the surgeon should learn anatomy so well that he can plan his own approaches when necessary 外科医生除了要向其他人学习手术入路外，还要非常熟悉解剖，以便当有必要时，可以自己设计手术入路。
For the type of the petroclival lesions invading the middle fossa and the superior clivus , there has n ' t a satisfactory approach to get a total resection of it 就向中颅窝、上斜坡侵犯型岩斜区肿瘤而言，至今尚没有一条满意的手术入路来根治性切除此类肿瘤。
Fig . 1 - 57 anterolateral approach to femur . a , skin incision . b , femur exposed by separation of rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles and division of vastus intermedius muscle 图1 - 57股骨前外侧手术入路。 a皮肤切口； b分开股直肌和股外侧肌，劈开股中间肌，显露股骨。
Appropriate surgical approach and exposure , elaborate operation and adequate postoperative drainage are very important for total resection of the tumor and improvement of clinical outcomes 侧脑室三角区脑膜瘤手术难度大，合理的手术入路、精细的手术操作与良好的术后引流是全切肿瘤、提高疗效的重要因素。
At present , the operative approaches in which related the suboccipitial region included transcondylar approach , median inferior suboccipital approach , paramedian approach , lateral approach and far - lateral transcondylar approach 术中涉及枕下区域的手术入路包括：经髁入路、枕下正中入路、旁正中入路、外侧入路和远外侧经髁入路。
If for some particular operation an approach is needed that is not described here , the monographs and articles listed in the references at the end of this chapter may be consulted 本章不去描述所有的入路，而只介绍我们认为适合大部分现在使用的矫形外科手术的入路，一些特别的手术入路在这里不作描述，可参阅本章末参考文献中列出的专著和论文。
