Based on the effective measured stress signal , the residual working life of the vane under current operating conditions was evaluated using nominal stress method , the reliable results could be acquired 基于处理后的有效实测应变信号，运用名义应力法对该工况下的叶片剩余工作寿命进行了评估计算，获得了较为可靠的结果。
In the paper , the method of equivalent stress is adopted to confirm the outside force of the truss model , and the factor of the angle of inclined column is considered . a design method of the wall was suggested 采用等效应力法确定了桁架模型的外力，即薄壁柱传来的荷载，其中考虑了斜柱的倾角以及反映薄壁柱与转换梁共同作用的薄壁柱端部塑性发展系数的影响。
Prof , zhu bofang and prof . fu zuoxin present equivalent stress method , which provides an effective way for practical application of finite element method . but how to solve dam body ' s equivalent stress reasonably is still a problem 朱伯芳院士、傅作新教授提出的等效应力法概念为有限元法实用化提供了一条有效的途径，但如何合理求解坝体等效应力仍存在一定的问题。
With the established dynamic pore pressure model , the calculated results of total stress method and effective stress method are compared . consolidation settlement induced by dispersion of residual pore pressure is calculated , and the effect of pore pressure on pavement settlement is discussed 采用本文建立的软土地基动孔压模型，对比分析了不排水有效应力法和总应力法计算结果，计算了残余孔隙水压力消散所产生的固结沉降，探讨了孔压对道路变形的影响。
Firstly , on the base of analysis and summarize already existing every kind of means to calculate the settlement of the foundation , and combinating stress peculiarity of the rigid pile in rigid - soften composite piles foundation , lodge a new method named utmost stress to calculate the settlement of it . it was proved useful with the practical example . besides that , bring forward a criterion that the calculation of the settlement must be bigger than the observation of it for 30 % to discriminate a method between safe and unsafe 刚柔复合桩基应用的关键是控制基础沉降，本文首先在分析和总结已有各种沉降计算方法的基础上，结合刚柔复合桩基中刚性桩和柔性桩的受力特点，提出了一种刚柔复合桩基沉降计算的新方法?极限应力法：在修正应力法的基础上，假设刚性桩的实际承载力达到其设计承载力极限值，则桩土应力比易于确定，从而可得复合桩基的总沉降量。
Basing on compressive mechanism and main factors that impact compressive strength , the compressive strength formulas of block masonry are establish , using stress and strain method respectively ; basing on mechanism of shear and main factors that impact shear strength , the shearing strength formulas of block masonry are set up , introducing hoffman rule and the twin shear strength theory method respectively 依据受压工作机理和影响砌块砌体抗压强度的主要因素,分别用应力法和应变法建立了砌块砌体抗压强度公式;依据受剪工作机理和影响砌块砌体抗剪强度的主要因素,用hoffman准则和双剪强度理论分别提出了砌块砌体抗剪强度公式。
By analyzing data of in - situ and laboratory in a certain project , the foundation stability is calculated with considering structural shear strength and meanwhile the foundation stability is also calculated with apparent strength increase total stress and the effective stress method considering the over - static water pressure ; and then the result could be gained : conventional method is conservatism 结合具体的工程实例，对各种原位和室内试验进行统计分析，对地基土进行考虑结构强度增长的总应力法稳定性计算，并与考虑表观强度增长的总应力法和考虑超孔隙水压力的有效应力法地基稳定性计算进行对比。
Based on the aircraft structure fatigue theory , the article discussed the theoretical basis of methods that are usually used for aircraft structure fatigue crack - forming life estimation , i . e . the stress severity factor approach ( normal stress approach ) , the local stress & strain approach , detail fatigue rating approach ( dfr ) . also the processes of life estimation of these approaches are studied in the article 文章在简要介绍飞机结构疲劳强度理论的基础上，对目前飞机结构劳疲劳裂纹形成寿命估算常用的应力严重系数法(名义应力法) ，局部应力应变法，细节疲劳额定值dfr法的理论依据作了较详细的论述，同时对这些估算方法进行寿命估算的过程与步骤也作了详尽的阐述。
All concrete structures are exposed to volume changes caused by hydration reactions in the early age . if the volume changes are restrained , stresses is generated which will cause cracking when it overcomes the tensile strength . as the mechanical properties of early age concrete vary with time , especially the creep degree depends on the time elapsed and the time at loading , to calculate the stress of concrete structure is a complex nonlinear problem . the finite element method ( fem ) can take account of the evolution of the stiffness properties , the development of thermal strain , creep , shrinkage and so on . in this paper , a general approach for numerically simulating this type of behaviour is presented firstly . then , how to solve this problem is introduced by the general finite element software ansys using the initial stress method . finally , a detailed description of an example calculation that demonstrates the potential of the numerical simulation strategy follows 早期混凝土由于水化反应都会产生体积变化.如果体积变形受到约束就会产生应力,一旦超过混凝土的抗拉强度就会产生裂缝.由于早期混凝土的力学性能是随时间变化的,特别是徐变,它不仅与加载时间有关而且同时随龄期而变化,因此计算早期混凝土结构应力是较为复杂的问题.有限单元法不仅可以考虑混凝土刚度的变化,而且可以考虑温度、徐变、收缩等因素.本文利用初应力法对通用有限元软件ansys进行了二次开发,通过工程实例计算了高层建筑地下室侧墙早期混凝土应力的变化过程,并提出了相应的抗裂措施
