The potential energy surface scan tells us that the lithium into or out of the graphene layers is the charge - discharge process of li - ion secondary batteries which concurs with the continuous charge transfer between lithium and the graphite layers which synchronizes with the shift of the graphite layer stacking sequences between the abab type and the relatively stable aaaa type 计算结果显示，锂离子嵌入碳层的过程中同时伴随着锂和石墨间发生电荷连续转移，同时石墨碳层堆积方式由aaaa型变为abab型，二者协同进行，最终嵌锂石墨相对于锂在石墨表面体系较稳定。
The structure of the composites was characterized by x - ray diffraction and transmission - electric microscope . the experimental results showed that the in - situ intercalation realized much finer dispersion of the silicate layers in the pvc matrix than the melt - blending intercalation . as for as the properties of the composites , the well - dispersed organoclay in the composites improved the properties of the materials , especially for the viscat softing temperature 本文主要通过x射线衍射、透射电子显微镜对复合材料的结构进行表征，结果证明：原位插层复合材料中粘土片层基本剥离，均匀的存在于聚氯乙烯树脂基体中；熔融插层体系中粘土的分散状态明显劣于原位插层体系，粘土以一定量片层堆积的形式存在。
Besides , it was found that compared with cta + , the confined geometry improves the thermal stabilization of methylene chains about 20 in the case of the gallery height less than 9 . 1 a and surfactant content less than 24 . 7 wt % , while the onset temperature of degradation reduces about 25 at high gallery heights and surfactant loadings 较小的受限空间可提高烷基链降解温度20 。随着层间高度和插层物含量增大，起始降解温度下降25 。有机蒙脱土的热失重微分曲线呈多峰，与层间烷基链密度分布呈多层堆积有关。
Laser solid forming ( lsf ) was an advanced fabrication technology that developed from rapid prototyping technique in 1990 ' s and progressed very fast in the recent years . it has a promising future since a density metal component can be rapidly deposited by laser cladding metal materials additively 激光立体成形技术是于二十世纪九十年代在快速原型技术的基础上发展起来的一项新的先进的制造技术，该技术采用同步送粉激光熔覆方法沿高度方向逐层堆积金属粉材，从而最终获得三维实体零件。
