The basic characters of gravity water are generalized . , the authors suggest that the gravity water is one of the key factors of the hazards such as loess slope slides , ground fissures and loess tunnels 摘要出在黄土滑坡、地裂缝、黄土洞穴等地质灾害发生发展过程中下渗重力水所起的作用最为关键，对下渗重力水的基本特点进行了全面归纳总结。
At last making the foundation map ( 1 : 500 , 000 ) of arising degree of ground fissures about hebei plain via those fixation factors , utilizing the map to forecast and analyze the development trend of ground fissures of hebei plain 用各单元固定因子制作了1 50万河北平原地裂缝易发程度基础图，对河北平原各地区地裂缝的易发程度进行了预测分析。
Collecting seism datum ( ms 3 . 0 ) which amounts to about 3000 , and analyzing the relativity between ground fissures and earthquakes ; discussing the tectonic foundation of ground fissures formation and formation mechanism of ground fissures 收集3 . 0级以上地震资料3000多例，分析了地震与地裂缝间的相关性；论述了地裂缝形成的构造基础及地裂缝形成机制。
This paper introduces the main geological disasters in jiangxian county such as the land slip , slide , mudflow , and ground fissure , etc . , analyzes on the formation mechanism and influencing factors of these disasters , and advances some suggestions 介绍了发生在绛县的滑坡、崩塌、泥石流和地裂缝等主要地质灾害,分析了主要地质灾害的形成机制及影响因素,并提出了一些建议。
Fault fracture zones often form in active fault zones and appear as long extension with stable trending , they are jointly controlled by active faulting , underground water concentration and freezing expansion 断层裂缝沿断层破碎带定向分布，产状稳定，成群产出，与断层活动、地下水运移、不均匀冻胀存在密切的关系，是构造变形与融冻变形联合、内外动力耦合产生的复合成因地裂缝。
Through great field investigation , entirely researching , collecting and clearing up the distributing character of ground fissures of the south of hebei plain which is about 60 , 000 km2 including seven cities , such as , langfang , baoding , hengshui , shijiazhuang , xingtai and handan , summarizing the status quo of hebei plain , the activity character of ground fissure . concluding the influencing factors that lead to form tectonic ground fissures 本文在大量野外调查的基础上，全面调查、收集和整理了河北平原南部(含廊坊、保定、沧州、衡水、石家庄、邢台、邯郸七个地市的平原地区，面积约6万km ~ 2 )地裂缝的分布特征，对河北平原地裂缝的现状、地裂缝活动特征进行了总结；归纳了构造地裂缝形成的影响因素。
( 2 ) discuss how to use the information from rs to distill the environmental geologic factors discuss the method for distill the surface sink , landslip , etc . from dtm , water , residential area , vegetation , gold mine points , gangue warehouse , etc . from spectrum analysis , roads , ground split , falls , etc . from crisp and eye distinguish （ 2 ）探讨利用遥感信息进行环境地质因素的提取方法对各环境地质要素进行遥感信息的提取，探讨了基于数字地面模型的地面塌陷、崩塌等要素的提取方法；基于波谱分析的水体、居民区、植被、金矿点、尾矿库等要素的提取方法；基于边缘增强、目视判读等方法的线状要素如道路、地裂缝、构造线的提取。
Seismic fracture , fault fracture and permafrost fracture all gave negative effects on engineering construction and formed geological hazards at many localities along the golmud - lhasa highway and railway ice fractures formed in freezing rivers and lakes and on the top of pingos have not shown any hazard effect on engineering constructions up to the present 地震破裂、断层裂缝和冻土裂缝对青藏公路、青藏铁路及沿线工程安全具有不良影响，这些地裂缝切割错断路基，形成路面破裂和路基滑塌，产生显著的灾害效应。
Based on some examples , geologic hazard problems , such as earthquake , geofracture , ground subsidence , collapse , water environmental depravation , landslide , dilapidation , mudrock flow , float sand , piping and yielding soil deformation etc . , are summed up generally during the course of development for chinese cities 以实例的形式，概要总结了中国城市发展过程中存在的地震、地裂缝，地面沉降、塌陷，水环境恶化，滑坡、崩塌、泥石流，流砂、管涌、软土变形等地质灾害问题；根据产生地质灾害的动力作用性质，对地质灾害进行了分类。
Typical examples include the xidatan palaeo - seismic fracture zone , seismic fracture zone of the kunlun ms 8 . 1 earthquake occurred in november 14 , 2001 , the south hohxil palaeo - seismic fracture zone , seismic fracture zone of the bengcuo ms 8 . 0 earthquake occurred in 1951 and seismic fracture zones along normal fault in east of the nyainqentanglha mts . caused by jiuzila ms 7 . 5 earthquake occurred in 1952 and yangbajain ms 8 . 0 earthquake occurred in 1411 典型地震破裂包括西大滩古地震破裂、昆仑山南缘地震破裂、可可西里古地震破裂、崩错地震破裂、谷露盆西地震破裂、羊八井当雄盆西地震破裂；地震破裂规模大，产状稳定，与地震鼓包、地震陡坎、地震凹陷有序组合，是地表构造变形的重要形式，属内动力成因地裂缝。
