Through a lot of small scale simulated tests in construction field , this paper systemically analyzed the dependence of the open area and visible depth of blasting craters , the thrown distance and the accumulation state of rock on the row spacing and the column spacing of plane charge 本文通过在施工现场进行的大量小型模拟实验，对平面药包间、排距与爆破漏斗的开口面积、可见深度、爆岩的抛掷距离和堆积形态等关系进行了系统分析与研究。
Conventional building - mortar is usually blent into in the construction local , which possesses many defects such as low accuracy of mixture ratio , poor stability of quality , contractility of bigness , broad fluctuation of felted strength , anti - penetrability of feebleness , collapse of easiness and ect , and it is vital reason , resulting in lots of engineering quality accidents as following : crack in the wall , swelling , penetration , and collapse . mortar made in the local is at the cost of wasting materials and contaminating environment 传统的建筑砂浆都是在施工现场拌制，现场拌制的砂浆各组分计量准确度低、质量稳定性差、收缩性大、粘结强度波动大、抗渗性差、易剥落，是建筑工程墙面开裂、起壳、渗漏、甚至墙体倒塌等质量事故发生的主要原因；现场拌制砂浆还会造成材料浪费和污染施工环境。
Combined with the full scale models tested in - situ of prestressed concrete penstock with double circle unbonded strands and single circle bonded strands of xiaolangdi multipurpose dam project of yellow river , the advantages and disadvantages of two different prestressed systems are analyzed , the concrete stress distributions of the prestressed concrete penstock are induced and summarized during the whole tensioning strands stage . the consistence among the test results , the theory calculating and the three dimensional finite element analysis is proved . therefore , the theoretical method of prestressed concrete penstock is feasible 结合黄河小浪底水利枢纽工程在施工现场进行的采用双层双圈环形无粘结预应力钢绞线和单圈有粘结预应力钢绞线对排沙洞衬砌混凝土施加预应力的1 ： 1模型试验，对比分析了两种后张预应力施工体系的优劣，归纳总结了预应力筋束张拉过程中预应力混凝土压力管道结构管壁混凝土的内力分布规律，验证了模型试验实测数据、理论计算和三维有限元分析结果的一致性，确定了预应力混凝土压力管道理论计算方法的可行性。
In this paper , not only do we explain our new algorithm , but also we test them by real digital photo , man - made image , video image . furthermore , we compute and discuss the error and its factors . after consulting many references , this paper presents a fast method to count the steel bar of one bundle 文中的研究大部分时间是针对用数码相机在施工现场采集的图像设计的，仅在末期用了较少的几根钢筋进行在线测试，因此，仅就算法而言，还有许多具体的研究、工作去调试、完善和改进，如果再进一步结合嵌入式硬件和生产管理的需要，形成一个较成型的产品，则需要做更多、更深入的研究。
