Referring the universal methods of rockburst study used home and abroad and taking the actual situations of the project into account , we take the primary terrestrial stress and uniaxial compressive strength as the quantitative evaluation indexes for the prediction and evaluation of rock burst 借鉴目前国内外岩爆判别的主要方法，并依据拟建工程场地实际情况，选用岩体初始应力及岩石单轴抗压强度作为定量评估指标，对岩爆灾害进行预测评估。
According to the special stratum condition 、 soil parameter 、 pile frame system in the protecting landslide of hongtian jianfeng in yongan city in fujian province , compile a fem program of plane strain and analyze the interaction by nonlinear fem on intensity discount . in the program , duncan - chang model is applied to earth , elasticity model is applied to pile and rock ; goodman element is set between pile and rock - earth and applied to simulate sliding plane and flexible floor ; sequential pole elements with original stress are applied to anchor cable 在程序中土体采用了duncan - chang双曲线本构模型，桩和锚固层以下的岩体采用了线弹性本构模型，并且在桩和岩土体间设置了无厚度的古德曼（ goodman ）单元，对于软弱夹层和已知的滑裂面也采用古德曼单元模拟，锚索采用的是具有初始应力的连续杆单元模拟。
Liquefaction of saturated sands is a greatly complicated phenomenon . its generation , development and dissipation are restricted by physical property , stresscondition and boundary condition of soils . in addition , there are a lot of influencing factors such as density , structure property ， clay content , degree of saturation , gradation , hydraulic conductivity , initial stress condition and dynamic load character and so on 砂土液化是一种相当复杂的现象，它的产生、发展和消散主要由土的物理性质、受力状态和边界条件所制约，存在许多影响因素，例如土的密度、土的结构性、粘粒含量、饱和度、级配、透水性能以及初始应力状态和动荷载特征等。
During the finite element modeling of the bridge , the factors affecting the accuracy of the finite element model are discussed in detail , such as , the geometrical non - linearity of the cable including gravitational sag and initial tension , and the structural orthotropic steel box - girder deck to be equivalent to physical orthotropic deck by using compound material mechanics , and so on 在建模过程中，尽可能多地考虑了一些影响全桥有限元模型精度的因素：如斜拉索的几何非线性（重力垂度和初始应力） ，将构造正交各向异性钢箱梁桥面板用复合材料力学的方法等效为物理正交各向异性板等。
The model can be used to satruated structural k0 normally consolidated clay . we can describe initial anisotropy ( k0 - consolidation ) by hardening differently , describe the structure of saturated structural k0 - consolidated loess , and describe the dilatancy . we can describe the main mechanical behaviours of saturated structural k0 - consolidated loess well by the model 本文模型能较好地适用于初始状态为k _ 0固结状态的正常固结或弱超固结饱和结构性土，描述了初始应力各向异性(如k _ 0固结)的不等向塑性体变硬化，描述了饱和结构性k _ 0固结黄土的结构性，描述了剪缩性。
On the base of least squares , using measured data and some optimization methods , both bdm and sfm can get the simulation of stress field and directly provide initial stress state for subsequent stability analysis of slope . bdm can overcome the shortcoming of excess assumption resultiag from other simulation methods , and be widely used in elastic - plastic model . 4 这两种方法是利用现有的实测数据，基于最小二乘法制定目标函数，采用一定的优化算法，结合有限元分析程序，得到岩体初始地应力场，并直接为后续的边坡稳定性分析提供初始应力状态。
Based on the results of test , monitoring and past analyses of the high rock slope , a generalized model for geology and construction process is established . by combination of computing schemes of orthogonal and even design methods with rock mechanical parameters and initial stress field as basic variable , the finite difference method is used to complete the excavation - simulated computation of the high slope considering the effect of excavation unloading , and an optimized back analysis is conducted by using the neural network and genetic algorithm 在工程试验、现场监测和前期计算分析的基础上，建立了地质与施工的概化模型，以岩土力学参数和初始应力场为基本变量，按正交设计和均匀设计方法进行计算方案的组合，采用考虑开挖卸荷效应的显式有限差分法flac ~ ( 2d )程序完成了船闸高边坡的开挖模拟计算，并通过神经网络和遗传算法进行边坡位移反分析。
( 2 ) respectively by elastic theory analyses and methods of structural mechanics , transverse static analytical equations for flexible pipeline rigid pipeline are established whose outcomes are applied in numerical example to compare those with that by finite element method . ( 3 ) considering interaction of filled soil , pipeline and foundation , with an eye to non - linear soil model , in view of the initial geo - stress field and the effects of interface between soil and pipeline , and by finite element method the calculational model and method are built for transverse stress in pipeline . then , by the great finite element analytical software ansys , those outcomes are applied in calculation example of positive buried pipe to educe the distribution of circumjacent soil pressure and stresses on cross section and to compare it with that calculated by conventional ways before those outcomes are applied in engineering case of positive buried pipe with flexible filled materials to confirm distribution of soil pressures after the measure for reduction and to compare it with measurements . as a result , the model set up in this paper is proved to be applicable after all above - mentioned analyses 本文基于弹性理论和有限元原理与方法，分析了上埋式地下管道横向力学计算方法和性状并探讨了上埋式地下管道的减荷等问题： ( 1 )在分析现有几种典型的管道垂直土压力计算方法的基础上，探讨了影响垂直土压力的主要因素以及改进的方法； ( 2 )分别通过弹性理论分析法和结构力学的方法，建立了地下管道柔性圆环和刚性管涵的横向静力计算方程，并应用在算例中，把所得结果和有限元方法所得结果进行对比分析； ( 3 )考虑填土、管道和基础的共同作用、土体的非线性特性、初始应力场以及土体和管道的接触面因素的影响，利用有限元的思路，建立了地下管道横向力学有限元计算模型和方法，并且采用大型有限元分析软件ansys ，针对上埋式管道工程算例，得出了管周土压力以及管道横截面应力的分布状况和规律，并和理论值进行对比；针对施加柔性填料的上埋式管道工程实例，得出了减荷后的土压力分布，并和实测值进行了对比。
At the same time , the mechanics mode of newly - built structure is not the same as that single cavern is excavated in the half - unbounded space . its original stress field is disturbed by former time and time again , and once more by excavating of later . so the mechanics mode of the later is not symmetrical generally and infinite variability is put up 同时新建结构物的受力模式也不同于半无限体或无限体中修建单一洞室的一般状况，其初始应力场往往是经过多次扰动的，其施工将再次进行扰动，使其受力往往是非对称的，表现出极大的变异性。
The relaxation resistance of the nitinb alloy affects the strength of the nitinb pipe coupling at high temperature , so that the relaxation experiment at various temperatures and various initial stresses was preformed to investigate the relaxation resistance of the nitinb alloy . the results show that nitinb alloy has good relaxation resistance in the temperature range 300 ~ 400c and the initial stress range 260 ~ 360 mpa , therefore the nitinb pipe coupling can work safely under the condition of temperature above 300c and initial stress no more than 360mpa Nitinb合金的抗松弛性能必将影响nitinb管接头的高温强度，于是首先对nitinb合金在不同温度不同初始应力下的抗松弛性能进行了研究，结果表明：温度在300 400 ，初始应力在260 360mpa时， nitinb合金抗应力松弛性能良好，用其制备的管接头能在温度不超过300 、应力不超过360mpa的条件下安全地工作。
