保证金制度

• Section ii , compare the futures margin clearing system between china and overseas . section iii conclusion : the dynamic margin clearing system will be the direction of our futures risk management
  保证金制度( marginandmarginsystem )指按期货交易所规定,期货交易的参与者在进行期货交易时必须存入一定的履约保证金的制度。
• Collateral management , for instance , involves things like cross - margining , in which offsetting exposures are lumped together , allowing investors to reduce the overall amount of capital needed to be set aside to cover positions
  以担保资产管理为例，牵扯到跨市场保证金制度，即汇总保证金以抵御风险暴露，可允许投资者减少为保留扎平头寸的保证金的所需的资金量。
• Due to differences in each country future exchange with regard to its level of development , its legislation mechanism and the differences of rules made by each future exchange center , the thorough research on the margin requirement is difficult
  但目前国内外立法对保证金制度的内涵外延并无十分清晰的界定,而各国期货市场发展程度不同、期货立法层次不同,甚至各个交易所交易规则的不同,必然导致对这一制度深入研究的困难。
• Though the regulation of deferent international futures exchange is similar , for example , their principles are detached , equitable and impartial . though most of the futures exchanges have their member regimes , guaranteed fund . there is still so much difference in many aspects , such as , organization and structure , operation management , trading item , delivery form , mode of settling account , and so on
  从国际上来看，虽然不同的期货交易市场在基本规则上都是相通的，如，都是实行公开、公平、公正的原则，交易所基本上都是采用会员制，保证金制度，但在具体的组织方式、运营管理、上市品种、结算办法等方面，各交易所还存在着诸多差别。
• . the purpose of this thesis compare and analyze the dynamic and statistic margin calculate system between china and overseas , introduce the concept of dynamic margin clearing , point out that the dynamic margin clearing will become the research direction of our futures margin clearing system and provide a new research perspective for our futures risk management . . the main content and viewpoints the article is divided into three parts
  本文的写作目的:通过比较中国现行的静态保证金制度和国外的动态保证金制度,提出动态保证金计算的原理和方法,指出随着我国期货业的发展,动态保证金计算必将成为我国期货风险管理的发展方向,为我国期货风险管理提供了一个新的研究角度。
• The five - year strategy the five - year strategy will introduce a series of new measures to make the visa application process more transparent and more efficient . these measures include : a points - based system for all who come to the uk to work and study , sponsorship for all but the most highly skilled and bonds where there is evidence of abuse
  这些措施包括：向所有前来英国工作和学习的人员实行“计点积分制” ；除了高技术移民的申请者以外，所有其他申请人，无论是到英国工作还是读书，都引入担保方制度；对于有证据显示滥用政策的地方引进保证金制度；阶段性地缩减低技能雇佣渠道；对有一定技能的从业者推出定居政策。
• The goal of researching the margin requirement is to solve the typical issues such as mix - use , overdraw , embezzlement which are prevalent in the margin management , and , further , to improve chinese margin requirement system , to establish special governmental regulatory agency , to grant more power to the future transaction self - regulatory organizations , and to establish an oversee system participated by multiple parties
  对保证金制度的研究目的之一是为了解决保证金管理中存在的混用、透支、挪用等具有典型性的问题,并在解决问题的基础上完善我国保证金管理制度,强化自律监管、赋予期货业自律组织更多的权力,完善市场交易主体的行为规范,建立多方参与的保证金监管体系。
• Firstly , it aims at the deficiency in cost managing of the project items in our country from the objective and subjective ways . the objective is the system of the lowest acceptance and growing material price and the system of cash guarantee ; the subject is the weaker cost managing and wrong reorganization of cost managing and the weaker controlling cost and neglecting the analyses of the other cost except for
  客观方面分析了最低价中标制度、原材料价格上涨、现金保证金制度三个市场因素,主观方面从成本管理意识薄弱、在工程成本管理认识上的误区、成本管理体制的不完善、成本控制能力的薄弱、忽视除施工成本对的其他成本的分析控制、成本管理计算手段落后、缺乏分析检查机制等七个方面进行了的分析和探讨。
• The operating mechanism of the market entry analyzes the present conditions of maritime market , domestic water transport market and the road transport ; the measurements that improve market entry rules should be taken . these measurements include eliminating policies that hinder fair competition or limit market entry , step by step to enter the market and introduce the cash deposit rule for non - asset logistics supplier
  交通运输市场准入机制分析了海运市场、内河航运市场和公路运输市场准入现状；完善市场准入制度应采取的措施，如清理有碍公平竞争、限制市场准入方面的政策，实行市场准入逐步升级，引入无资产物流营运商保证金制度等。
• Therefore , should through the establishment strict mining area environment admittance mechanism , the strict mining right licensing system , establish the mining area environment to restore the government earnest money system , the perfect mining area environment legislates and is clear about the administrative law enforcement main body , strengthens the market in environmental protection function , strengthens the administrative guidance and the regulative mechanism , after takes to shut the ore correlation systems and so on environmental protection to resolve the mine environment question prominent contradiction
  为此，应通过建立严格的矿区环境准人机制，严格的矿业权许可制度，建立矿区环境恢复治理保证金制度，完善矿区环境立法及明确行政执法主体，强化市场在环境保护中的作用，加强行政引导和调控机制，重视闭矿后环境保护等相关制度来解决矿山环境问题突出的矛盾。