The aim of this research was to confirm the rule of soil crusting and the factors affecting the process of soil crusting , and to analyze the relationship between the development of soil crust and rainfall splash erosion , furthermore to study the effect of soil crust on the process of erosion . we hope to provide scientific bases for soil erosion 本研究的主要目的是探明表土结皮的发育规律、影响因子，并且分析表土结皮的形成与土壤溅蚀的关系，以及表土结皮的发育与坡面侵蚀过程的交互动态影响作用，最终为坡面侵蚀研究提供科学依据。
This paper gives detailed analysis and summary to the weathering and erosion process of rock slope , discovery the weathering velocity of rock slope is mainly controlled by such factors as lithology , structures , climate , structural characteristics of rock mass , the undulation and exposed area of rock surface , and man - made factor , furthermore , analysis the eroding mechanism of rock slope and its influencing factors 摘要对岩石边坡的风化和侵蚀过程作了较为详细的分析和总结，发现岩石边坡的风化速度主要受岩性及构造、气候、岩体结构特性、岩面起伏及其裸露程度和人为因素的控制。
On the base of summarizing and evaluating chinese soil erosion models , this paper brings forward future developing directions that the soil erosion models should pay attention to : ( 1 ) paying attention to the theory researches of soil erosion models , consummating from erosion factors basis erosion prediction to erosion processes quantity and theory researches , studying each erosion factor and its interaction impact on erosion processes , and sediment dispersion , transportation and deposition action on complex slopeland , as well as different catchments scales ; ( 2 ) reinforcing the study of gravitation erosion and cave erosion mechanism , and big and middle scale catchments erosion models ; and ( 3 ) making the best of advanced rs and gis technology , providing plentiful datum for erosion models researches , making and for soil erosion models checkout 在总结和评价中国土壤侵蚀模型的基础上，提出了今后土壤侵蚀模型应该注重的发展方向： ( 1 )注重土壤侵蚀模型的理论研究，将从以侵蚀因子为基础的侵蚀预报向侵蚀过程的量化研究和理论完善，研究各侵蚀因子及其交互作用对侵蚀过程的影响，泥沙在复杂坡面以及不同流域尺度间的分散、输移和沉积作用； ( 2 )加强对重力侵蚀、洞穴侵蚀机制的研究，加强对大中流域侵蚀模型的研究； ( 3 )充分利用先进的rs 、 gis技术，为侵蚀模型的研究提供大量的数据源，以利于对土壤侵蚀模型的检验。
Thirdly , present status of effect of erosion on soil carbon and nutrient has been illustrated in spatial scale of the watershed . based on geographic information system , actuality and process of soil erosion in and between land units were simulated , and actuality and process of annual and long term changing of soil carbon and nutrient in each land unit under erosion were sufficiently calculated and illustrated . results of simulation and illustration showed that , the relative area in which soil carbon , nitrogen , phosphorus and potassium is deceased is 44 . 1 % , 55 . 8 % , 39 . 2 % and 75 . 7 % respectively 三、在流域空间范围内描述了侵蚀影响土壤碳和养分的现状：在地理信息系统的支持下，模拟了流域各地块的侵蚀过程、现状，充分描述了各个地块在侵蚀影响下土壤碳和养分的年变化现状、过程及多年变化过程，得到在现有侵蚀及耕作管理条件下，全流域中土壤碳、全氮、全磷、全钾下降的地块面积分别占流域总面积的44 . 1 、 55 . 8 、 39 . 2 、 75 . 7 ，以及各个地块的碳和养分含量变化趋势，弥补了前人研究在地域华中农业大学2001届硕士研究生学位论文空间联系上的不足。
