Many of these microbes were observed in the infected host by light-microscope . 人们用光学显微镜，在受侵染的寄主中观察到这些微生物。
In the early days, pathologists called any agent of infectious disease "virus" . 在早期，植物病理学家把任何侵染性病害的因子，都叫做‘virus’。
The path of a man carrying plants from the field may then be marked by primary virus infection . 当人从田间带植物，所经之路就可能有第一次被病毒侵染的标志。
About 30 minutes after infection the bacterial cell breaks open(lyses)and the phage particles are released . 侵染后约30分钟，细菌细胞裂解，释放出噬菌体颗粒。
Because some matching always occurs, vertical resistance cannot prevent all allo-infection, but it can only reduce the exodemic . 由于经常发生对应的异状侵染，垂直抗性不能阻止所有的异体侵染，但只能减少外源流行。
Fungi in special circumstances become "parasites" by attacking living tissue of the host species, causing the death of these individuals . 真菌在特殊的环境下成为“寄生物，”侵染寄主种的活组织，引起这些个体的死亡。
At this point it becomes useful to borrow some terms and ideas from plant pathology in which a crucial distinction is made between two kinds of infection . 在这一点上，可借用植物病理学的一些名词和概念，其中在两种侵染之间有严格的区分。
Haack confirmed his assumption of gradual differences in resistance by making artificial inoculations on infected, less infected and healthy trees . Haack通过在被侵染，较少侵染和健康树木上实行人工接种，证实了他关于在抗性方面程度渐次不同的假设。
Ubiquitin - proteasome pathway and virus infection 蛋白水解酶复合体通路与病毒侵染
Cereals and pulses . determination of hidden insect infestation 谷物和豆类植物.隐藏昆虫侵染的测定
