This paper analyses emphatically the position error and manufacture error of critical - angle prism the position error and aberration of object lens the position error and manufacture error of the polarization beam splitter the position error of the detector , and come out their relations 着重分析了临界角棱镜位置误差与制造误差；物镜的位置误差与像差；偏振分束棱镜的位置误差与制造误差；探测器的位置误差等对离焦误差信号的影响，并给出了理论曲线。
The trend of damage on the interior side of knee , especially inboard of tibial plateau , enlarged according to the increase of angle of introversion , while the center and outer of the complex became easily injured . introversion from 10 to 14 degree is possible critical angel of the beginning of damage and the precaution of complication after osteotomy 大，其中以内侧胆骨平台最明显，复合体中心和外侧易受损伤，内翻10 ” 14 ”可能为内翻应力开始破坏和截骨预防并发症的临界角度。
This article describes a way of special ultrasonic system which monitors thermal stress in seamless welded rails . this monitoring system is a non destructive testing system , which adopts avr mcu and high - precise time chip processing as the core of it , and adopts the critically refracted longitudinal wave as the object of measuring . my studying focuses on the theory of the monitoring system , which will be listed in this arctile : according to the snell theory , the theory of motivating of critically refracted longitudinal wave is described in details , and the finite element software is used to emulate the propagating course . the formulas of calculating the pts of swr are taken from the acoustoelasticity theory , and the calculating the parameters is introduced . according to assemble materials , three kinds of ways of monitoring the pts of swr using critically refracted longitudinal wave are described , which are measuring the sound - time in changeless distance , ultrasonic critical - angle refractomery and frequency spectrum , the first way of ways is used in this experiment system . the factors , which effect the monitoring system , are assaid in some degree based 本文的研究工作重点在无缝焊接钢轨温度应力测量系统的理论模块,包括根据snell原理,研究极限折射纵波的激发机理,并使用有限元软件ansys进行仿真;根据声弹性理论以及公式推导出计算无缝焊接钢轨中的温度应力的公式,并对其中参数的求解方法进行介绍;根据收集的资料,介绍了三种使用极限折射纵波测量无缝焊接钢轨温度应力的方法,即固定距离测量声时法、临界角折射法和频谱分析法,本实验系统使用的是第一种;根据实验经验以及相关资料,分析了影响极限折射纵波测量温度应力的几个因素,并提出了相应的解决方法;根据实验系统的需要,独立设计并加工出相关配套的实验设备,包括实验钢块、有机玻璃楔块、固定件、载荷外框装置等。
Due to the different values of incident angle , there are two different propagation formats . one case is that the beam is finally trapped in a guide - like channel and propagates stably along the channel when the launching angle is smaller than a critical value . otherwise , it will propagate along the incident direction all along 由于入射角度的取值不同,格子孤子具有两种不同的传输方式:当光束入射角小于某临界角度时,光束可被类似波导形式的路径俘获,转而沿该路径向前传输;当光束入射角大于该临界角时,孤子则不会被俘获,而是沿着光束的入射方向直线传输。
